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Questions regarding H-bridge

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Discussion in 'Electronics Homework Help' started by Lerior, Apr 5, 2018.

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  1. Apr 5, 2018 #1
    Lerior

    Lerior

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    Jan 20, 2018
    Hello,

    I have some question regarding H-bridge (MOSFETS). I have attached the circuit the I simulated and you can see it below. Anyway, from my understanding, when S1 is pressed, Q1 and Q4 will act as short line switch (in that case it will be saturated), making the current flow through them and therefore causing the motor to spin (I replaced the motor with the LED because I couldn't find a symbol for it in Multisim), while Q2 and Q3 will be working in the cutoff region. Am I getting this correct?

    My second question is, why do we need to add a high value (1M ohms) resistor to each gate? Why not simply ground the gates without the resistors?

    Question 3, how can I control the speed of the motor?

    Thank you.
     

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    Last edited: Apr 5, 2018
  2. Apr 5, 2018 #2
    Tha fios agaibh

    Tha fios agaibh

    2,131
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    Aug 11, 2014
    Yes. You get the idea.

    The high value resistor ensures the transistor turns off by pulling down gate voltage when it's off instead of floating. If the gates were grounded, then they couldn't be turned on because it'd be a voltage to ground short.

    The H-bridge is designed to simply change polarity, but if the gate signals were fed with a pwm circuit it would control the motor speed by briefly turning it on and off.
    Edit: That is, quickly turning it on/off with pulses.
     
    Lerior likes this.
  3. Apr 5, 2018 #3
    Lerior

    Lerior

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    Jan 20, 2018
    Perfect answer. I had the same thought about the high value resistor, but I wasn't entirely sure. Thank you.
     
  4. Apr 5, 2018 #4
    Harald Kapp

    Harald Kapp Moderator Moderator

    11,015
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    Nov 17, 2011
    There's one issue: the IRF540 is an N-MOSFET with a threshold voltage Vgsth between 2 V and 4 V. Using this in the high leg of the bridge (Q1, Q3) results in a loss of voltage and consequentially power to the load.
    I recommend you use P-MOSFETs instead (e.g. IRF9540), source and drain swapped (compared to IRF540). You will also need an inverted drive for the P-MOSFET.

    Diodes D1...D4 are not required, they have no efefct in this circuit. To add protection from the motor's flyback voltage use e.g. zener diodes as shown near the bottom of this page.
     
  5. Apr 5, 2018 #5
    AnalogKid

    AnalogKid

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    Jun 10, 2015
    Or, delete D1-D4 and use the zener diodes already built into the four MOSFETS as shown on the OP schematic.

    Also, the schematic is missing two connection dots where the diodes join the "motor". To make sure crossed lines are not misinterpreted, don't have any. If D1 and D3 are staggered sideways, they join the motor signal as two T connections instead of one X connection. Even without a connection dot, the T is not ambiguous.

    ak
     
  6. Apr 5, 2018 #6
    Harald Kapp

    Harald Kapp Moderator Moderator

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    Nov 17, 2011
    That's why I meant they are useless. As there are dots on the other connections, I thought this might be intentional.
     
  7. Apr 5, 2018 #7
    Lerior

    Lerior

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    Jan 20, 2018
    The diodes are supposed to be connected to each MOSFET. It's a clumsy mistake on my side, I apologize.
     
  8. Apr 6, 2018 #8
    Audioguru

    Audioguru

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    Sep 24, 2016
    Do you understand that Q1 and Q3 will only barely turn on conducting a very low current? They are "followers" not switches. If you want them to switch on well then their gate must be 10V higher than the power supply voltage. Usually P-channel Mosfets are used on the high sides of an H-bridge.
     
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