I am really willing to do this project at my home because I am very interested in electronics. But I totally understand your concern
@hevans1944. I will take your suggestion and I will also answer all the questions you have asked. I also want to maintain all the safety precautions I can because it's electronics. A single mistake can be an huge accident. But I am really interested in doing this project. So I might not cancel working on it. But I will work on it with proper precaution and time. And for this reason I need help from all of you guys.
So, here I am answering to your questions accordingly :
1. Actually my all home equipments or appliances are not powered by wall sockets. In our country all the household appliances are powered by 220-240V AC current which comes from the outside electrical pole stands on the left side of my house. Actually the house I am living in is a 7 storied concrete building. But my father bought only the 6th level's one apartment. So the whole automation system is gonna happen only on the 6th level of the house in our apartment is located. And all the appliances in our apartment is powered by parallel connections of 220V-240V AC current. All the equipments got powered by wires which lay inside the wall of our apartment. And some equipments like Micro Wave Oven, Fridge etc. got powered from the wall sockets which got the same current of about 220V-240V AC current.
2. I am really not powering the home appliances from any power supply at all. We got 220V-240V AC current in our whole building which is provided by the government. And as far as I read on the books I think the AC current frequency in our country is 50Hz.
3. We got almost 5 fans in our apartment. Each of the fans consume upto 80 Watts in general and runs totally on pure AC 220V-240V. And there are some energy saving lights which consumes 20-60 watts according to the brightness on different purposes. And there is three fridges which consumes a lot of watts I guess. And there is also a TV along with two Air Conditioners. So this things drive out a huge watts. The fridges are 24/7 equipments which runs all the time. The AC is very rarely used because the temperature in our country is very favorable at this moment.
4. I am not going to control any of the household equipment voltages at all. They got instant 220V-240V which I will pass through a relay. Whatever happens after that thing I really don't wanna keep a control on those ac equipments. Only I want to have the switching control only for all those AC equipments. But I am gonna control the voltage on the relays and my microcontrollers using regulator transistor circuit. I will use one circuit for only one microcontroller to maintain the amount of ampere and voltage constant. I will use separated regulator circuit for the relays module with the biopolar transistor and also make a little inductor to reduce the noise which will occur to power up the electromagnetic relays. In this case I am really not willing to use a solid state relay cause I have read about the SSR and the SSR are more costly than the normal relays and also the SSR gets quite hot for 24/7 electrical appliances and might burn out often. I will use the simple relays as they will cost very less and I have no problem with the clicking noise and the time lapse of the relays.
5. I haven't really made any provision yet to conduct the 50A current from the transformer. But I thing I will use high guege wire for this. And I want to ask you all will the 30V 50A AC current which will get generated from the transformer can provide me a normal shock like the AC 220V current does? If so then I will maintain some precautions too while working on the transformer.
6. A inductor is a coil which we do on a round solenoid type thing. With maximum amount of coiling along the round thing and using a capacitor electrical noise level can be put down. As far as I know.
7. I will use the transformer to power up the relays with the biopolar transistor signal from my ardrino. And the relays will act as a switch for all the AC equipments of my house. They will just pass the face or the positive of the AC current through the relay switch when the switch will get on by ardrino signal.
8. At this moment I don't have the block diagram of my building. I will collect it from the builder and will provide soon. But as for now in our apartment we got 1 dining room 1 drawing room and three bed rooms along with two bathrooms and 1 kitchen. Each part of the apartment got some electrical appliances and also electrical wall sockets.
9. I just need a battery pack to backup power only the microcontrollers, relays and other sensors. Powering up all the home equipments with a battery isn't a right solution in my case. We got a huge amount of power outage in our country specially during the summer. So I need to keep track of the power outage and apply certain protocols on power outage which will be applied by the microcontrollers. So I really dont want the microcontrollers and relays to shut down when power outage occurs.
10. I plan to pay-as-i-go by starting small and adding on later as I can afford to do so.
I have researched about harald's suggestion on using 1 pin to control multiple relays with different signal from the ardrino. But I am not going for it because I want to troubleshoot each of the appliances with each pin numbers of the ardrino. And also I want to code stuff cleanly on the ardrino. Just 1 or 0 digital signals to power up the relay end biopolar transistor. I don't want huge amount of coding to be done on the ardrino to control multiple relays with one single pin because that will need huge amount of C coding and also as I am new at C coding I am really comfortable with using 80 pins to control 80 relays other than 1 ping to control multiple relays. So I rejected that suggestion but I am taking the biopolar transistor suggestion to provide a little signal to open the power of the relays from the power supply using the ardrino. I am really willing to use the digital pins of the two ardrino mega that I bought. And the 0 and 1 signals to open or close the biopolar transistor supply to power up the electromagetic relays to switch on or off my electrical appliances. I totally understand your concern about my knowledge hevans but I really believe in big creations with small hands. So I decided to go on this project and I will not step back until successful. But I can ensure you that I will work on keeping all the precautions at high importance.
And about my work I really have not proceed yet much in my work. Because proceeding in my work will need help from you guys. The first thing I want to do is setup the whole electrical part and then keep the electrical setup in a safe mode and then coding each stuff particularly and adding some troubleshooting labels to each wires etc. n all. So to setup the electrical part first thing I need to do is choose the Transformer and the Battery. The battery must be able to power up my whole setup without the AC appliances for upto 12H to 24H. After deciding this two things I will then decide how I will make the regulators which will power up the controllers, relays and sensors with a regulated voltage and ampere. And I will buy those equipments and test on bread board what output I get through digital meter. I will test each and everything particularly on the bread board. After I get each thing work properly I will design a PCB board of my own and provide the design to a manufacturer I know and they will provide me the PCB board designed by my diagram and I will then just solder all the euipments on one board and setup the whole system on our house store room.
This is what I have planned so far. Now I need help from all of you guys choosing the right and most secure equipemtns to build up my controlling unit. That's all
Thanks all who helped me and thanks in advance to all who will help me in future. And really thank you a lot hevan for your concern. I will keep every word of you in my mind.
So, please help me guys with choosing the right transformer and battery for this work.