This is a non-linear circuit that can be analyzed by the piecewise linear method. The linear regions are defined by points of discontinuity, in this case defined as the point where the base-emitter voltage reaches 0.7 volt and base current begins to flow. Each region has its operation defined by a different set of equations depending upon which transistors are conducting and which are not. For instance, when V2=0 Q2 is turned off and Q4 is biased by R2, R3, and R4 causing the Q4 emitter current to flow through R5 with an emitter voltage Ve = I4 x R5. The value of V2=Ve+0.7 defines the point of discontinuity between two different linear regions.