USB would be a very poor answer if you want support on multiple devices...
Using the audio jack is possible... and it has been done before on PC :
http://www.zeitnitz.de/Christian/scope_en
You will run into limitations though, as there are typically coupling capacitors in use that will not allow a scope to operate with DC. It may also cause distortion on the captured signal if the frequency is too low.
You will also require a method to protect the device you use with the probe, but that would be a requirement regardless of the approach you take.
*You may be able to use both methods as a solution if you can find a USB audio capture device with a very high sample rate... Many (but not all) devices support USB sound cards without the need for additional drivers.
An alternative solution could very well be bluetooth... but the only viable way I see this working is if your bluetooth scope only passed the resulting image to the tablet as I am doubtful that the bandwidth would support sending the actual sampled data at a quick enough rate... (But it's highly possible I'm wrong, as bluetooth data transfer speeds can support high data transfer rates for files.)